Volume 4, Book 55, Number 609:
Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas:
When the Prophet came to Medina, he found (the Jews) fasting on the day of ‘Ashura’ (i.e. 10th of
Muharram). They used to say: “This is a great day on which Allah saved Moses and drowned the folk
of Pharaoh. Moses observed the fast on this day, as a sign of gratitude to Allah.” The Prophet said, “I
am closer to Moses than they.” So, he observed the fast (on that day) and ordered the Muslims to fast
on it.